Security Services

Anyone wishing to commercially operate a security business requires a license under § 34a of the Trade Regulation Act (GewO). The business operator (Gewerbetreibender) must demonstrate personal reliability and pass the Sachkundeprüfung (competency exam) at the IHK. This exam is also mandatory for certain higher-responsibility roles: door supervisors, retail detectives, city patrol guards, and security staff at asylum facilities or major events.Basic security employees who do not perform these specialized tasks need only the 40-hour Unterrichtung (instruction) at the IHK, which covers legal foundations, rights and duties, and conflict de-escalation. The license is issued by the local trade authority and requires proof of adequate liability insurance.

Issued by: Public Order Office / Trade Office

Opening a Detektei (detective or private investigation agency) in Germany requires a Gewerbeanmeldung (trade registration) with your local Gewerbeamt. The registration covers investigative services such as background checks, missing persons cases, insurance fraud investigation, and corporate due diligence.There is no specific federal license for private investigators, but you must demonstrate personal reliability (Zuverlässigkeit). The Gewerbeamt checks your criminal record and financial standing. Some Länder impose additional requirements. You are also bound by data protection rules (DSGVO) and cannot use police powers or methods reserved for law enforcement.

Issued by: Trade Office

Cash-in-transit and valuables transport companies need a Bewachungserlaubnis under Section 34a GewO, but with significantly stricter requirements than standard security firms. The enhanced rules reflect the higher risk of transporting cash, precious metals, securities, and other high-value goods.Beyond the standard security license, you must meet requirements for armoured vehicles, armed personnel permits (Waffenschein), GPS tracking, and specific insurance coverage. Your employees need the full Sachkundeprüfung (competency exam), not just the basic instruction course. The licensing authority is your local Ordnungsamt or Gewerbeamt.

Issued by: Trade Office / Weapons Authority